Hippocampes

Hippocampinae

Seahorses

Classification
Ostéichthyen Syngnathiformes Syngnathidae Syngnathinae Hippocampinae Hippocampus Centriscidae Fistularidae Solenostomidae Aulostomidae
54 espèces

Classification

Ostéichthyen

Syngnathiformes

Syngnathidae

Syngnathinae
Hippocampinae
Hippocampus

Centriscidae
Fistularidae
Solenostomidae
Aulostomidae

54 espèces

Références web
fishbase hippos en.wiki / fr.wiki	divegallery projectseahorse fishesofaustralia

Références web

fishbase

divegallery

Description
all 3 oceans in tempéré to tropical waters series of bony rings encloses elongate body short head and tiny mouth at the end of a tubular snout angled ventrally coronet or group of spines on top of the head single dorsal fin much closer to the head than to the tip of the tail very small anal fin, pectoral fins present very small gill openings prehensile tail without a caudal fin masters of camouflage and live in seagrass meadows where they swim upright using their dorsal and pectoral fins for propulsion feed on minute invertebrates sucked into a tubular snout ovovivipare, dioecism, pairing, courtship & paternal care bearers: <males which have a brood pouch in which the eggs are laid and where they are fertilized and incubated (that is: aerated, osmoregulated, protected and likely provisioned); cette poche comporte des villosités riches en capillaires qui entourent chaque œuf fécondé créant une sorte de placenta alimentant les embryons Juveniles are independent immediately upon birth; newborns attach themselves to substrate shortly after birth video

Identification keys to Hippocampinae (fishbase)

Etymologies		Source
Syngnathidae	Greek syn = with, together + Greek, gnathos = jaw	fishbase
Hippocampinae	Greek ippos = horse + Greek kampe = curvature	fishbase



Hippocampus barbouri
fishbase / ADW / reefbuilders / projectseahorse	Synonymes Barbour's seahorse	Jordan & Richardson, 1908 / VU / ITIS 645005

2009 aquarium (Monterey) by Jim G (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2014 Philippines ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)	1978 Jeneponto (Sulawesi) ©Randall, John E. (via fishbase)


2018 Philippines ©Mark Rosenstein (via INaturalist)	2009 aquarium (San Diego) by Stickpen (via Wikimedia Commons)	2004 Cebu (Philippines) by Philippe Poppe (via Encyclopedia of Life)


2010 aquarium (Karlsruhe) by H. Zell (via Wikimedia Commons)		2012 aquarium (Monterey) by Jim G (via Wikimedia Commons)
Indonésie & Philippines	Thorny seahorse	tropical
well developed spines, including a sharp eye and nose spine and a double cheek spine; first dorsal spine curved slightly backward; tail with a series of long and short spines is relatively short; snout slender and striped (rayé); coronet moderately high with four or five spines; fine lines radiate out from the eye; from white to yellow to greenish gray to light brown, and may have reddish brown spots or lines on the body
6-12m / 15 cm	pairing (Throughout pregnancy, males and females strengthen pair bonds with daily greetings), sexually dimorphic: :females slightly smaller	often clinging to hard coral and doesn't seem to be worried about stingers, piètre nageur
Hippocampus barbouri

Hippocampus bargibanti
fishbase / souslesmers / aquaportail / doris / en.wiki / australianmuseum / fishesofaustralia / fishipedia	Synonymes Pygmy seahorse	Whitley, 1970 / DD / ITIS 645006

2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)


2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via GooglePhotos)	2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)


2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via GooglePhotos)	2019 Bali ©Matty Testoni (via INaturalist)	2018 Bali ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)


2009 Lembeh by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons)	2016 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons)	2015 Tulamben (Bali) by Ian V Shaw (via Wikimedia Commons)


2008 by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons)	2006 by Jenny (JennyHuang) (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2006 Philippines by Peter van den Eynde (via Encyclopedia of Life)


2006 Indonesie by Tukas Grabowski (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2010 Indonesie by Tukas Grabowski (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2013 Philippines by Jonathan Lavan (via Encyclopedia of Life)


yellow version, 2006 Lembeh by Jens Petersen (via Wikimedia Commons)	yellow version, 2008 Lembeh by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons)	yellow version, 2014 Lembeh by Manuae (via Wikimedia Commons)


Borneo by Willphase (via Wikimedia Commons)	2014 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons)	yellow version, 2014 by Jürgen Donauer (via Wikimedia Commons)
Indo & WPacifiq	Hippocampe pygmée	tropical
coronet, a rounded knob; spine & irregular bulbous tubercles scattered over body and tail; a single prominent rounded eye spine; a single low rounded cheek spine; single prominent rounded eye spine; head and body very fleshy, mostly without recognizable body rings; snout extremely short; color pattern: pale grey or purple with pink or red tubercles, or yellow version (≠denise <tubercules)
16-40m / 2-2.4 cm video	monogame, courtship	only on Muricella, assez rare
Hippocampus bargibanti




Hippocampus denise
fishbase / doris / fr.wiki / souslesmers / aquaportail / fishesofaustralia / projectseahorse / hippoandco / inaturalist	Synonymes Denise's pygmy seahorse / Hippocampe pygmée jaune/ Hippocampe pygmée grêle	Lourie & Randall, 2003 / DD / ITIS 645014

2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	cherchez-le ! 2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2008 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)


2011 Misool (Raja Ampat) by Karen Honeycutt (via fishbase)	2016 Bali by Paul Kli (via Wikimedia Commons)	2014 Wakatobi (ID) by Christian Gloor (via Wikimedia Commons)


2006 by Jenny (JennyHuang) (via Wikimedia Commons)	2014 Sorong (ID) by Elias Levy (via Wikimedia Commons)	2014 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons)


2017 Romblon (Ph) by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons)	2015 Bali ©prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons)	2015 Bali ©prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons)
WPacifiq	Hippocampe denise	tropical
un corps fin; no spines above the eye; museau court; entièrement lisse ou muni de quelques excroissances bulbeuses (bcp moins nb et développées que chez barbiganti); jaune, plus ou moins vif, à l'orange avec souvent de petits points sombres avec possibilité d'avoir des bandes plus sombres au niveau de la queue (body ornamentation in the form of tubercles, can match the stems and polyps of their gorgonian hosts)
13-90m / 2.2cm	Ovoviviparous, courtship	in gorgonian seafans (Annella, Muricella, or Echinogorgia); +actif que bargibanti
Hippocampus denise

Hippocampus guttulatus
fishbase / souslesmers / doris / mer-littoral / aquaportail / marlin / cotebleue / monaconature	Synonymes Hippocampus ramulosus / Long-snouted seahorse	Cuvier, 1829 / DD / ITIS 645018

2007 by Massimiliano De Martino (via Wikimedia Commons)	2005 Herault by Didier Borg (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2010 aquarium (Monterey) by FASTILY (via Wikimedia Commons)


2011 Rab (Croatie) by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase)	2011 Kas Antalya (Turkey) by Altug Tosun (via fishbase)	2011 Rab (Croatie) by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase)


1999 Sardegna (It) by Marco Busdraghi (via Wikimedia Commons)	2018 Croatia by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase)


2015 Trieste (It) by Marco Busdraghi (via Wikimedia Commons)	2007 Black Sea (Roumanie) by Florin DUMITRESCU (via Wikimedia Commons)	2018 Slovenia by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase)
Eastern Atlantiq, Méditerranée & black Sea	Hippocampe moucheté	temperate & subtropical
coronet: small but distinct, with 5 rounded knobs or blunt points; horizontal plate in front of coronet as high as coronet itself, with a more or less prominent spine at its front edge; prominent rounded eye spines; from dark green to brown; prominent white spots on body (often with a dark ring around them) which tend to coalesce into horizontal wavy lines; may be variously mottled or with pale ‘saddles’ across dorsolateral surface
?-20m / 18 cm (jsq 21 cm) / 4-7 ans	monogame, early age at maturity, rapid growth rate, short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season	among algae and eel grass or on in gravel bottoms; démersal, sédentaire, courant
Hippocampus guttulatus




Hippocampus hippocampus
fishbase / doris / dinosoria / marlin / aquaportail / cotebleue / souslesmers / fishipedia	Synonymes Short snouted seahorse	Linnaeus, 1758 / DD / ITIS 166497

2008 NL by Joke Maller (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2007 aquarium (Galicia/Sp) ©Drow male (via Wikimedia Commons)	2008 NL by Luc Rooman (via Encyclopedia of Life)


2012 Belgium ©Hans Hillewaert (via Wikimedia Commons)	2013 Açores © Rino (via INaturalist)	2002 ©Massimiliano DE MARTINO (via Wikimedia Commons)


2019 Gibraltar ©Whodden (via INaturalist)	2019 NL ©Stefan (via INaturalist)	2019 NL ©Stefan (via INaturalist)


2018 NL ©v_Stefan (via INaturalist)	2018 NL ©v_Stefan (via INaturalist)
Eastern Atlantiq & Méditerranée	Hippocampe commun	subtropical
Coronet: narrow, ridge-like and joined smoothly to nape of neck; very short snout; prominent eye spine; mottled brown to yellow, to maroon and rust; also orange, purple or black; sometimes with tiny white dots
?-60m / 12-15 cm / 4-5 ans	short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season; during the mating season, mature males and females have been observed to change hue (become brighter), when greeting, courting, or mating	démersal, rare, on soft bottoms amongst rocks and algae, hide among the vegetation mimicking the color of plants, limited daily movements, sédentaire
Hippocampus hippocampus

Hippocampus histrix
fishbase / souslesmers / fr.wiki / fishesofaustralia / projectseahorse / hippoandco	Synonymes Thorny seahorse	Kaup, 1856 / VU / ITIS 644933

2016 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)	2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)


juvénile, 2010 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	Alor (ID) by Silke Baron (via fishesofaustralia)	2017 Bali ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)


2006 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	2006 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	2007 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)


2010 Philippines by Harry Klerks (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2012 Batangas (Ph) by Nicolas Bailly (via fishbase)	2012 Timor by prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons)


2012 Lembeh Alor (ID) by Silke Baron (via fishesofaustralia)	2013 Dahab (Egypt) ©Tim Sheerman-Chase (via Wikimedia Commons)	noter le petit Gobie sur le cou, 2014 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons)


2014 Wakatobi (ID) by Christian Gloor (via Wikimedia Commons)	2010 Lembeh by prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons)	2010 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)
Indo-WCPacifiq & Mer Rouge	Hippocampe hérissé	tropical
mince, allongé et entièrement couvert d'épines pointues avec l'extrémité sombre; sur le corps, longues épines qui se poursuivent jusqu'à la couronne; tête également munie de nombreuses épines sur le front, la base des joues, le nez et au-dessus des yeux; museau très long et effilé; teinte variable et dépend de l'environnement: du gris au crème en passant par le jaune vif, au vert, au brun et au rouge, unie ou avec motifs; une ou plusieurs fines lignes blanches sur le museau
15-40m / 15-17cm / 4-5 ans	monogame	in shallow sheltered reefs, large adults among drifting debris, rare
Hippocampus histrix




Hippocampus kuda
fishbase / aquaportail / fr.wiki / souslesmers	Synonymes Spotted seahorse	Bleeker, 1852 / VU / ITIS 166495

2011 Raja Ampat ©mda (via INaturalist)	2011 Raja Ampat ©mda (via INaturalist)	2017 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)


2012 Dauin (Ph) ©Andrey Ryanskiy (via fishbase)	2012 aquarium (LDN) by Emőke Dénes (via Wikimedia Commons)	2009 Lembeh ©prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons)


hiding amongst sponges of the same color, 2012 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	2009 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	2018 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons)
Indo-WPacifi& Red Sea	Hippocampe d'estuaire	tropical
assez imposant, allongé; sans épines; toutes les protubérances sont arrondies; tête grande, museau épais et court; couronne petite se dressant vers l'arrière parfois comportant des filaments plus ou moins longs; qqx ligne noire traversant la dorsale dans le sens de sa largeur; couleur sombre avec une texture granuleuse ou jaune, crème ou rougeâtre avec des taches et de nombreux petits points sombres
<68m / 14-30cm	monogamy not confirmed; 20-1000 larvae in incubating sacks; time of development is 20-28 days	in seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; adults in pairs; benthiq
Hippocampus kuda

Hippocampus spinosissimus
fishbase / en.wiki / fishesofaustralia / projectseahorse / nationalmuseum.ph	Synonymes Hedgehog seahorse	Weber, 1913 / VU / ITIS 166507

2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2016 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist)	2019 Lembeh ©Tsu Soo Tan (via INaturalist)


pregnant male, 2013 Pattaya (Thaïland) ©Tse-Lynn Loh (via Encyclopedia of Life)	pregnant male, 2015 Thaïland ©Rahul Meh-unpronouncable (via Encyclopedia of Life)	2015 Lembeh (Sulawesi) by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons)


2020 Lembeh ©Dan Schofield (via INaturalist)	2010 Cambodge ©ssimps (via INaturalist)	2019 Lembeh ©Jim Greenfield (via INaturalist)
Indo-WPacifiq	Hippocampe hérisson	(sub)tropical
long snout and a low coronet; spines vary through life, with juveniles being more spiny than adults; yellow-orange to deep red or dark brown snout, a dark front of head, and pale grey saddles or bands over the trunk and tail
?-70m / 17 cm / 4-5 ans		on muddy or sandy bottoms, living among algal tufts, or attached to various substrates through the prehensile tail
Hippocampus spinosissimus

MàJ 13/03/2023