Plumes de mer

Pennatulacea

Sea pen

Classification
Animalia Radiata Cnidaria * Anthozoa Ceriantharia Cerianthidae Cerianthus Pachycerianthus Hexacorallia Octocorallia Alcyonacea Alcyoniidae Alcyonium Cladiella Minabea Rhytisma Sarcophyton Sinularia Nephtheidae Dendronephthya Eunephthya Scleronephthya Nidaliidae Nephthyigorgia Siphonogorgia Xeniidae Anthelia Heteroxenia Xenia Calcaxonia Chrysogorgiidae Chrysogorgia Ellisellidae Ctenocella Ellisella Junceella Verrucella Holaxonia Acanthogorgiidae Muricella Gorgoniidae Eunicella Plexauridae Melithaea Paramuricea Plexaura	Animalia Radiata Cnidaria * Anthozoa Ceriantharia Cerianthidae Cerianthus Pachycerianthus Hexacorallia Octocorallia Scleraxonia Anthothelidae Solenocaulon Briareidae Pachyclavularia Coralliidae Corallium Melithaeidae Acabaria Clathraria Melithaea Parisididae Spongiodermidae Subergorgiidae Annella Subergorgia Pennatulacea Pennatulidae Pennatula Virgulariidae Virgularia Stolonifera Clavilariidae Carijoa Clavularia Knopia Telesto Cornulariidae Cornularia Tubiporidae Tubipora

Classification

Animalia

Radiata

Cnidaria

* Anthozoa

Ceriantharia
- Cerianthidae
  Cerianthus
  
  Pachycerianthus

Hexacorallia

Octocorallia
- Alcyonacea
  - Alcyoniidae
    Alcyonium
    
    Cladiella
    
    Minabea
    
    Rhytisma
    
    Sarcophyton
    
    Sinularia
  - Nephtheidae
    Dendronephthya
    
    Eunephthya
    
    Scleronephthya
  - Nidaliidae
    Nephthyigorgia
    
    Siphonogorgia
  - Xeniidae
    Anthelia
    
    Heteroxenia
    
    Xenia
- Calcaxonia
  - Chrysogorgiidae
    Chrysogorgia
  - Ellisellidae
    Ctenocella
    
    Ellisella
    
    Junceella
    
    Verrucella
- Holaxonia
  - Acanthogorgiidae
    Muricella
  - Gorgoniidae
    Eunicella
  - Plexauridae
    Melithaea
    
    Paramuricea
    
    Plexaura

Animalia

Radiata

Cnidaria

* Anthozoa

Ceriantharia
- Cerianthidae
  Cerianthus
  
  Pachycerianthus

Hexacorallia

Octocorallia
- Scleraxonia
  - Anthothelidae
    Solenocaulon
  - Briareidae
    Pachyclavularia
  - Coralliidae
    Corallium
  - Melithaeidae
    Acabaria
    
    Clathraria
    
    Melithaea
  - Parisididae
  - Spongiodermidae
  - Subergorgiidae
    Annella
    
    Subergorgia
- Pennatulacea
  - Pennatulidae
    Pennatula
  - Virgulariidae
    Virgularia
- Stolonifera
  - Clavilariidae
    Carijoa
    
    Clavularia
    
    Knopia
    
    Telesto
  - Cornulariidae
    Cornularia
  - Tubiporidae
    Tubipora

Etymologies		Source
Pennatula	latin qui a de pttes ailes	Gaffiot
Virgularia	latin virgula = ptte branche, rameau	Gaffiot




Pennatula
poppe-images / WetWebMedia / cotebleue / en.wiki / doris-rubra / mer-littoral-phosphorea	Penna	Linnaeus, 1758 / NE / ITIS 52417#null

Pteroeides 2009 Gilimanuk (Bali) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2020 Girona (Sp) ©Bernat Garrigós (via INaturalist)	Veretillidae 2020 Newcastle (Au) ©Tony Strazzari (via INaturalist)


Veretillum cynomorium 2020 San Diego © Siena McKim (via INaturalist)	Pennatula phosphorea (rubra) 2020 Sweden ©mil Burman (via INaturalist)	Veretillum cynomorium 2020 Girona (Sp) © Bernat Garrigós (via INaturalist)


Pennatula rubra 2008 ©Pino Bucca (via Wikimedia Commons)	Pennatula aculeata Stellwagen Bank (NL) ©Dann Blackwood & Page Valentine (via Wikimedia Commons)	Pennatula phosphorea (rubra) 2008 ©Pino Bucca (via Wikimedia Commons)
cosmopolite	Pennatule	tempéré à subtropical
10-20m (jsq >100m) / 25-40cm ht / 2-3cm épais	pas de phase méduse bourgeonnement direct sur les côtés des anciens polypes eux-mêmes	fonds meubles, sessile, solitaire ou en groupes (prairies !), translucide (bioluminescent)
Pennatula



Virgularia
souslesmers / poppe-images / mer-littoral / marlin / habitas	Synonymes	Lamarck, 1816 / NE / ITIS 52393

2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2014 Thailand ©Chaloklum Diving (via Wikimedia Commons)	Virgularia schultzei 2011 Cape Town (SAfrica) by Seascapeza (via Wikimedia Commons)


Virgularia mirabilis 2019 UK © leaston (via INaturalist)	Virgularia mirabilis 2010 Santander (Sp) © Gonzalo Mucientes Sandoval (via INaturalist)


2008 Thailand ©Chaloklum Diving (via Wikimedia Commons)	with Porcellanella picta porcelain crab, 2006 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	2020 Lembeh ©Dan Schofield (via INaturalist)


Virgularia gustaviana 2014 Thailand ©Chaloklum Diving (via Wikimedia Commons)	2011 Kobe (Japon) by OpenCage (via Wikimedia Commons)	2006 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)
cosmopolite	Sea pen	tt climat
10-400m / <60cm ht		colonie de polypes en zones abritées, fonds meubles, sessile, nocturne, bioluminescent
Virgularia

MàJ 19/03/2023