Madrépores

Scleractinia

Stony corals

Classification
Animalia Radiata Cnidaria Anthozoa Octocorallia Hexacorallia Actiniaria Scleractinia Astrocoeniidae Blastomussa Pachyseris Physogyra Plerogyra Acroporidae Acropora Alveopora Montipora Agariciidae Agaricia Leptoseris Pavona Caryophylliidae Caryophyllia Heterocyathus Dendrophylliidae Balanophyllia Leptosammia Turbinaria Tubastrea Euphylliidae Euphyllia Galaxea Physogyra Plerogyra Flabellidae Rhizotrochus Fungiidae Ctenactis Danafungia Fungia Halomitra Heliogungia Lobactis Lobophylliidae Acanthastrea Cynarina Echinomorpha Echinophyllia Lobophyllia Oxypora Symphyllia Meandrinidae Dendrogyra Eusmilia Meandrina Merulinidae Caulastrea Favites Mycedium Pectinia Platygyra Trachyphyllia Mussidae Blastomussa Diploria Favia Isophyllia Mussa Mycetophyllia Oculinidae Pocilloporidae Seriatopora Stylophora Poritidae Goniopora Porites Zoantharia
33 familles	85 genres	>800 espèces

Classification

Animalia

Radiata

Cnidaria

Anthozoa
- Octocorallia
- Hexacorallia
  - Actiniaria
  - Scleractinia
    - Astrocoeniidae
    - Blastomussa
    - Pachyseris
    - Physogyra
    - Plerogyra
    - Acroporidae
      - Acropora
      - Alveopora
      - Montipora
    - Agariciidae
      - Agaricia
      - Leptoseris
      - Pavona
    - Caryophylliidae
      - Caryophyllia
      - Heterocyathus
    - Dendrophylliidae
      - Balanophyllia
      - Leptosammia
      - Turbinaria
      - Tubastrea
    - Euphylliidae
      - Euphyllia
      - Galaxea
      - Physogyra
      - Plerogyra
    - Flabellidae
      - Rhizotrochus
    - Fungiidae
      - Ctenactis
      - Danafungia
      - Fungia
      - Halomitra
      - Heliogungia
      - Lobactis
    - Lobophylliidae
      - Acanthastrea
      - Cynarina
      - Echinomorpha
      - Echinophyllia
      - Lobophyllia
      - Oxypora
      - Symphyllia
    - Meandrinidae
      - Dendrogyra
      - Eusmilia
      - Meandrina
    - Merulinidae
      - Caulastrea
      - Favites
      - Mycedium
      - Pectinia
      - Platygyra
      - Trachyphyllia
    - Mussidae
      - Blastomussa
      - Diploria
      - Favia
      - Isophyllia
      - Mussa
      - Mycetophyllia
    - Oculinidae
    - Pocilloporidae
      - Seriatopora
      - Stylophora
    - Poritidae
      - Goniopora
      - Porites
  - Zoantharia

33 familles

85 genres

>800 espèces

Références web
Vie Oceane recifal WetWebMedia koralen Scleractinia projects.ncsu.edu en.wiki fr.wiki biologydiscussion	biophysics Scleractinia.gi Sulawesi.bio hoopermuseum corallosphere coralsoftheworld tolweb coraldigest

Description
définition	SPS (small polyped stony coral) = coraux durs avec squelette calcaire, ptts polypes, branchus ou plats	LPS (large polyped stony coral) = coraux durs, structure rigide composée majoritairement de carbonate de calcium; les polypes sont gros; assez urticants	la plupart sont hermatypiques (bâtisseurs de récifs)
structure
structure	azooxanthellate (généralement ahermatypiques, solitaires et svt + profonds)	zooxanthellate (et donc hermatypiques, peu profonds et colorés selon l'algue hébergée)	sécrétion d'un exosquelette calcaire et dur
symétrie	radiale	multiple de 6
shape/aspect
shape/aspect	encroûtantes ?	arborescentes ?	tabulaires ?
bouche/anus	Un seul orifice	2 types d'alimentation associés: suspensivore et via zooxanthelles (sauf tubastrea)
L'algue, Zooxanthelle, produit des sucres par photosynthèse qui seront consommés par le polype, lequel rejetant du CO² (comme tout animal respirant), celui-ci sera réutilisé par l'algue ds la photosynthèse (pas de corail sans conditions d'éclairement suffisant : profondeur selon ensoleillement; pas ds grottes, pas de turbidité importante...)
mode de vie	fixés	photophiles
reproduction	asexuée	sexuée (colonies dioecism ou hermaphrodites)

Schémas

via NOAA	NC State University (N-Carolina)

Organisation
type	ex :
plocoïde	Montastrea
cérioïde	Goniastrea
phacéloïde	Euphylia, Lobophylia
méandroïde	Platygyra, Symphylia
flabelloméandroïde	Lobophyllia
dendroïde	Tubastrea
coraux durs		à longs polypes LPS	Euphillya Lobophyllia
coraux durs		à petits polypes SPS	Acropora Montipora

un peu de vocabulaire madréporique
azooxanthellate calice cérioïde coenosteum coenenchyme columelle corallite corallum corymbe costa	disque oral/basal distale endosymbiose hermatypique flabello-méandroïdes LPS meandroïde medial Mesoglée muraille	paliforme phacéloïde planula plocoïde polype (polyp) polypier polypiérite polytrophique proximal sclérite	septe (septa) SPS spicule sillon stolon synapticulotheca synapticulum theca vallée (valley) zooxanthelles
La plupart des définitions (mais pas que) sont extraites des sites : Aquaportail, Doris, Corallosphere ou Wikipedia (merci à eux); à consulter

Etymologies		Source
Madrepora	"mother of pores"	perso

un peu de classification
Scleractinia (Bourne, 1900)
Acroporidae (Verrill, 1902)	Acropora, Montipora
Agariciidae (Gray, 1847)	Agaricia, Helioseris, Leptoseris, Pavona
Caryophyllliidae (Dana, 1846)	Caryophyllia, Heterocyathus, solenosmilia, Trochocyathus, Rhizotrochus*
Dendrophylliidae (Gray, 1847)	Balanophyllia, Dendrophyllia, Heteropsammia, Leptopsammia, Tubastrea, Turbinaria
Euphylliidae (Alloiteau, 1952)	Euphyllia, Galaxea*, Montigyra, Physogyra, Plerogyra, Simplastrea
Faviidae (Gregory, 1900)	Caulastrea, Favia, Favites, Goniastrea, Diploria, Platygyra*
Flabellidae (Bourne, 1905)	Rhizotrochus*
Fungiidae (Dana, 1846)	Ctenactis, Cycloseris, Danafungia, Fungia, Heliofungia, Lithophyllon, Pleuractis, Lobactis
Lobophylliidae (Dai & Horng, 2009)	Cynarina, Oxypora, Symphyllia, Lobophyllia, Acanthastrea, Echinophyllia, Echinomorpha*
Meandrinidae (Gray, 1847	Eusmilia, Meandrina, Dendrogyra,
Merulinidae (Verrill, 1865)	Caulastrea, Favites, Goniastrea, Platygyra
~~Mussidae (Ortmann, 1890)~~	Diploria, Lobophyllia, Acanthastrea, Symphyllia,
Oculinidae (Gry, 1847)	Bantamia, Oculina, Galaxea*,
~~Pectinidae (Rafinesque, 1815)~~	Pectinia, Mycedium, Physophyllia, Echinophyllia, Echinomorpha
Pocilloporidae (Gray, 1842)	Seriatopora, Pocillopora, Stylophora
Poritidae (Gray, 1842)	Alveopora, Goniopora, Porites,
Classement WoRMS *divergences



Incertae sedis
Genres en attente de classification

Blastomussa wellsi 2007 NCal by Benzoni, F. (via Wikimedia Commons)	Pachyseris rugosa 2009 Pacifiq by Benzoni, F. (via Wikimedia Commons)	Pachyseris speciosa 2019 Dauin (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)


Physogyra lichtensteini 2019 Maldives ©mda (via INaturalist)	Plerogyra sinuosa hébergeant Vir philippinensis, 2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)
Incertae sedis



Rhizotrochus typus
meerwasser / bluezooaquatics / saltcorner / reefbuilders / scleractinia / sealifebase	Synonymes Flabellidae	Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 / NE / ITIS 572429

2012 Bunaken (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)
Indo-Pacifiq	Corail oeillet	tropical
deep water species	sexuée, phase méduse	solitaire, ahermatypiq, azooxanthellate, substrat dur
Rhizotrochus typus



Stylocoeniella armata
coralsoftheworld / recifalnews / reefbuilders	Stylocoenia Astrocoeniidae	Ehrenberg, 1834 / LC / ITIS 52845

Stylocoeniella armata 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)	2014 Réunion ©Philippe Bourjon (via Wikimedia Commons)
Indo-WCPacifiq & Red Sea (no Persic Gulf)	Corail hérisson	tropical
shallow		encrusting; corallites widely spaced & forming excavations in the coenosteum, rare & cryptic
Stylocoeniella armata



Acroporidae

Acropora cervicornis 2007 ©Albert Kok (via Wikimedia Commons)	Acropora clathrata 2013 Australia by Michelle Jonker (via Wikimedia Commons)	Acropora cerealis 2013 Détroit de Torres (Au) by Kate Osborne (via Wikimedia Commons)


Acropora cytherea 2004 ©Dr. Dwayne Meadows by NOAA/NMFS/OPR (via Wikimedia Commons)		Acropora formosa avec Sargocentron microstoma, 2006 Timor ©Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)


Acropora humilis 2015 Samoa by Eva DiDonato (via Wikimedia Commons)	Acropora lamarcki 2004 Sinaii by Fernando Herranz Martín (via Wikimedia Commons)	Acropora palmata 2008 ©Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)


	Acropora prolifera 2005 Bahamas ©Mark Eakin NOAA (via Wikimedia Commons)	Acropora pulchra 2015 Samoa by Eva DiDonato (via Wikimedia Commons)


Acropora valida 2007 ©Albert Kok (via Wikimedia Commons)	Montipora foliosa 2007 by Albert Kok (via Wikimedia Commons)	Montipora delicatula 2005 Kalimantan (Borneo) by Ginette Allard ©mda (via scleractinia)
Acroporidae



Agariciidae

Leptoseris mycetoseroides 2013 Borneo by Waheed, Benzoni, van der Meij, Terraneo, Hoeksema (via Wikimedia Commons)	leptoseris explanata 2019 Lembeh ©David R (via INaturalist)	Leptoseris incrustans 2012 by Benzoni, F. (via Wikimedia Commons)


Agaricia lamarcki 2016 Cozumel (Yucatan) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Pachyseris speciosa 2019 Dauin (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Pavona explanulata 2019 Dauin (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)
		tropical

Agariciidae



Caryophylliidae

Caryophyllia inornata 2012 St-Cast (Fr22) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Caryophyllia smithii 2010 Banyuls (Fr66) by Parent Géry (via Wikimedia Commons)	Cladocora caespitosa 2005 Ibiza (Sp) by Fernando Herranz Martín (via Wikimedia Commons)

Heterocyathus aequicostatus 2014 Lizard Is by Anne Hoggett (via Wikimedia Commons)	Caryophyllia 2012 Cape Town (South Africa) by Seascapeza (via Wikimedia Commons)
Caryophyllliidae



Dendrophylliidae

Balanophyllia europaea 2011 Argelès (Fr66) by anne.menini (via Wikimedia Commons)	Leptosammia pruvoti 2011 Colera (Sp) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Cladopsammia gracilis 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)


Tubastraea faulkneri 2014 Thailand ©Chaloklum Diving (via Wikimedia Commons)	Tubastraea micranthus 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)


Turbinaria frondens 2015 St-Leu (Réunion) by Ryan McMinds (via Wikimedia Commons)	Turbinaria mesenterina 2014 Maldives by Ahmed Abdul Rahman (via Wikimedia Commons)	Turbinaria reniformis 2005 aquarium (San Diego) ©Stan Shebs (via Wikimedia Commons)
Dendrophylliidae



Euphylliidae

Euphyllia ancora (Fimbriaphyllia ancora) 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Euphyllia cristata 2011 Raja Ampat ©mda (via INaturalist)	Euphyllia glabrescens 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)


Euphyllia paraancora 2013 by Waheed, Benzoni, van der Meij, Terraneo, Hoeksema (via Wikimedia Commons)	Galaxea fascicularis 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)


	Plerogyra sinuosa 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Physogyra lichtensteini hébergeant 2 Thor amboinensis, Lizard Is by Anne Hoggett (via Wikimedia Commons)
Euphylliidae



Faviidae

Diploria strigosa 2014 USA by Frank and Joyce Burek (via Wikimedia Commons)	Favites flexuosa 2010 Egypte ©mda (via INaturalist) reclassé en Merulinidae
Faviidae



Fungiidae

Ctenactis crassa 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)	Ctenactis echinata 2012 Fiji by Paul Asman & Jill Lenoble (via Wikimedia Commons)	Danafungia horrida 2013 Philippines by Waheed, Benzoni, van der Meij, Terraneo, Hoeksema (via Wikimedia Commons)


Fungia concinna 2010 Tioman (Malaysia) by Joi Ito (via Wikimedia Commons)	Fungia corona	Fungia fungites


Halomitra pileus 2003 Lizard Is by Anne Hoggett (via Wikimedia Commons)		Heliofungia actiniformis 2012 Bunaken (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)
Fungiidae



Lobophylliidae

Acanthastrea 2013 Australia by Kerryn Johns (via Wikimedia Commons)	Cynarina lacrymalis 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)	Lobophyllia flabelliformis 2013 Australia by Michelle Jonker (via Wikimedia Commons)


Lobophyllia (hemprichii ?) 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)	Oxypora crassispinosa	Merulinidae sp. 2019 Qseir (Rgypt) ©mda (via INaturalist)


Symphyllia agaricia	Symphyllia radians 2014 Thailand ©Chaloklum Diving (via Wikimedia Commons)
Lobophylliidae



Meandrinidae

Caulastrea 2013 aquarium (Waikiki) by Wmpearl (via Wikimedia Commons)	Dendrogyra cylindrus Florida from NOAA by William Harrigan (via Wikimedia Commons)	Eusmilia fastigiata 2016 Réunion ©Philippe Bourjon (via Wikimedia Commons)


Meandrina meandrites 2010 Haïti by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons)	Mycedium elephantotus 2019 Bohol (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)
Meandrinidae



Merulinidae

Dipsastraea favus	Dipsastraea speciosa 2014 Réunion ©Philippe Bourjon (via Wikimedia Commons)	Dipsastraea 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)


Echinopora lamellosa 2019 Dauin (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Favites complanata 2014 Thailand ©Chaloklum Diving (via Wikimedia Commons)	Favites flexuosa 2014 Australia by Paul Muir (via Wikimedia Commons)


Favites paraflexuosa	Goniastrea edwardsi 2014 Samoa by Larry Basch (via Wikimedia Commons)	Goniastrea stelligera 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)


Leptoria phrygia 2014 Samoa by Larry Basch (via Wikimedia Commons)	Pectinia lactuca ou paeonia 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Pectinia paeonia 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist)


Platygyra 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)	Trachyphyllia geoffroyi 2019 Philippines ©mda (via INaturalist)
Merulinidae



Pocilloporidae

Seriatopora caliendrum 2011 by Will Thomas (via Wikimedia Commons)	Seriatopora hystrix 2019 Qseir (Egypt) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Stylophora pistillata 2014 Cairns (Au) by David Witherall and Darcy Cox (via Wikimedia Commons)
Pocilloporidae



Poritidae

Goniopora columna 2017 Soudan ©mda (via INaturalist)	Porites rus 2019 Qseir (Egypt) ©mda (via INaturalist)	Goniopora lobata 2008 by Shizhao (via Wikimedia Commons)


porites lutea 2014 Samoa by Jim Maragos (via Wikimedia Commons)	porites compressa derrière en jaune Porites lobata, 2011 Polynesie by Lindsey Kramer / USFWS (via Wikimedia Commons)
Poritidae

MàJ 19/03/2023